Jurisdiction
European Union
EU AI Act (Reg. 2024/1689) Article 4 – AI literacy EU AI Act Article 5 – Prohibited AI practices EU AI Act Article 50 – Transparency obligations for providers and deployers CCBE guide on the use of generative AI by lawyers
The EU AI Act applies to providers and deployers, including law firms: AI literacy and prohibitions since 2 Feb 2025; transparency duties from 2 Aug 2026. CCBE guidance for lawyers.
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Law societies and barsLegislationGovernmentInternationalAI practice notes by Australian court Practice areas
Law societies and bars
| Instrument | Issuer | Date on page | What it says | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCBE guide on the use of generative AI by lawyers | Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe | PDF file date in URL · Effective 2025-10-02 | European bars' guide on GenAI use by lawyers, with references to the EU AI Act and international guidance. | Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe |
Legislation
| Instrument | Issuer | Date on page | What it says | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU AI Act (Reg. 2024/1689) Article 4 – AI literacy | European Union | in force per Article 113(a) · Effective 2025-02-02 | Providers and deployers (incl. law firms deploying AI) must take measures to ensure sufficient AI literacy of staff. | European Union |
| EU AI Act Article 5 – Prohibited AI practicesCheck the 2 Dec 2026 provisions (possible amendment). | European Union | in force per Article 113(a); the page also shows some provisions dated 2 December 2026 · Effective 2025-02-02 | Lists prohibited AI practices; relevant to advising clients and to firm tools. | European Union |
| EU AI Act Article 50 – Transparency obligations for providers and deployers | European Union | in force per Article 113 · Effective 2026-08-02 | Disclosure duties for AI interacting with people and marking of synthetic content; relevant to client-facing chatbots. | European Union |
| EU AI Act Annex III point 8 – Administration of justice (high-risk) | European Union | 2027-12-02 (in force) · Effective 2027-12-02 | Annex III, point 8, classifies as high-risk an AI system used by or on behalf of a judicial authority to research and interpret facts and the law, or to apply the law to facts, and a similar use in alternative dispute resolution. Under Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, Chapter III duties for Annex III systems apply from 2 December 2027. The AI Act entered into force on 1 August 2024; that is not the application date of these duties.
| European Union |
| EU AI Act Article 26 – Obligations of deployers of high-risk AI systems | European Union | 2027-12-02 (Annex III application); 2028-08-02 (Annex I application) | Article 26 sets duties for deployers of high-risk AI systems, including following the instructions for use, assigning human oversight to competent people, monitoring and keeping logs. Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 moved the application of Chapter III, Sections 1 to 3, to 2 December 2027 for Annex III systems and 2 August 2028 for Annex I systems. Those duties are not in application merely because the Act entered into force on 1 August 2024.
| European Union |
| Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 amending the AI Act (high-risk deadlines deferred) | European Union | 2026-07-27 (in force) · Effective 2026-07-27 | Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, the AI Omnibus, in force on 27 July 2026. It amends Article 113 of the AI Act so Chapter III, Sections 1 to 3, apply from 2 December 2027 for Annex III high-risk systems and from 2 August 2028 for Annex I systems. Most Article 50 transparency duties are unchanged.
| European Union |
Government
| Instrument | Issuer | Date on page | What it says | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Timeline for the Implementation of the EU AI Act | European Commission | Not stated | Commission timeline for the AI Act. The general application date remains 2 August 2026. Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 deferred Chapter III high-risk duties: Annex III from 2 December 2027 and Annex I from 2 August 2028.
| European Commission |
| AI Literacy – Questions & Answers (Article 4) | European Commission | Not stated | Commission Q&A on the Article 4 duty for providers and deployers (including law firms) to ensure sufficient AI literacy of staff.
| European Commission |
| General-Purpose AI Code of Practice | European Commission | 2025-07-10 | Voluntary code helping GPAI model providers comply with AI Act safety, transparency and copyright duties; confirmed adequate by Commission and AI Board.
| European Commission |
International
| Instrument | Issuer | Date on page | What it says | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guidelines on the use of generative AI for courts | CEPEJ (Council of Europe) | 2025-12-05 | CEPEJ guidelines (CEPEJ(2025)18Final) on operational and ethical use of generative AI by courts and judicial professionals. This is a Council of Europe instrument, not an EU regulation.
| CEPEJ (Council of Europe) |
| Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and human rights, democracy and the rule of law (CETS 225) | Council of Europe | 2024-09-05 (opened for signature) | Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and human rights, democracy and the rule of law (CETS 225). It is an international treaty opened for signature on 5 September 2024, not an EU regulation.
| Council of Europe |
Every stored instrument
This is the catalogue for European Union. An instrument appears under “Rules that apply” only when you name the court or tribunal, or say that no court is involved.
| Instrument | Issuer | Date on page | What it says | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EU AI Act (Reg. 2024/1689) Article 4 – AI literacy | European Union | in force per Article 113(a) · Effective 2025-02-02 | Providers and deployers (incl. law firms deploying AI) must take measures to ensure sufficient AI literacy of staff. | European Union |
| EU AI Act Article 5 – Prohibited AI practicesCheck the 2 Dec 2026 provisions (possible amendment). | European Union | in force per Article 113(a); the page also shows some provisions dated 2 December 2026 · Effective 2025-02-02 | Lists prohibited AI practices; relevant to advising clients and to firm tools. | European Union |
| EU AI Act Article 50 – Transparency obligations for providers and deployers | European Union | in force per Article 113 · Effective 2026-08-02 | Disclosure duties for AI interacting with people and marking of synthetic content; relevant to client-facing chatbots. | European Union |
| CCBE guide on the use of generative AI by lawyers | Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe | PDF file date in URL · Effective 2025-10-02 | European bars' guide on GenAI use by lawyers, with references to the EU AI Act and international guidance. | Council of Bars and Law Societies of Europe |
| EU AI Act Annex III point 8 – Administration of justice (high-risk) | European Union | 2027-12-02 (in force) · Effective 2027-12-02 | Annex III, point 8, classifies as high-risk an AI system used by or on behalf of a judicial authority to research and interpret facts and the law, or to apply the law to facts, and a similar use in alternative dispute resolution. Under Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, Chapter III duties for Annex III systems apply from 2 December 2027. The AI Act entered into force on 1 August 2024; that is not the application date of these duties.
| European Union |
| EU AI Act Article 26 – Obligations of deployers of high-risk AI systems | European Union | 2027-12-02 (Annex III application); 2028-08-02 (Annex I application) | Article 26 sets duties for deployers of high-risk AI systems, including following the instructions for use, assigning human oversight to competent people, monitoring and keeping logs. Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 moved the application of Chapter III, Sections 1 to 3, to 2 December 2027 for Annex III systems and 2 August 2028 for Annex I systems. Those duties are not in application merely because the Act entered into force on 1 August 2024.
| European Union |
| Timeline for the Implementation of the EU AI Act | European Commission | Not stated | Commission timeline for the AI Act. The general application date remains 2 August 2026. Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 deferred Chapter III high-risk duties: Annex III from 2 December 2027 and Annex I from 2 August 2028.
| European Commission |
| Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 amending the AI Act (high-risk deadlines deferred) | European Union | 2026-07-27 (in force) · Effective 2026-07-27 | Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, the AI Omnibus, in force on 27 July 2026. It amends Article 113 of the AI Act so Chapter III, Sections 1 to 3, apply from 2 December 2027 for Annex III high-risk systems and from 2 August 2028 for Annex I systems. Most Article 50 transparency duties are unchanged.
| European Union |
| AI Literacy – Questions & Answers (Article 4) | European Commission | Not stated | Commission Q&A on the Article 4 duty for providers and deployers (including law firms) to ensure sufficient AI literacy of staff.
| European Commission |
| General-Purpose AI Code of Practice | European Commission | 2025-07-10 | Voluntary code helping GPAI model providers comply with AI Act safety, transparency and copyright duties; confirmed adequate by Commission and AI Board.
| European Commission |
| Guidelines on the use of generative AI for courts | CEPEJ (Council of Europe) | 2025-12-05 | CEPEJ guidelines (CEPEJ(2025)18Final) on operational and ethical use of generative AI by courts and judicial professionals. This is a Council of Europe instrument, not an EU regulation.
| CEPEJ (Council of Europe) |
| Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and human rights, democracy and the rule of law (CETS 225) | Council of Europe | 2024-09-05 (opened for signature) | Council of Europe Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and human rights, democracy and the rule of law (CETS 225). It is an international treaty opened for signature on 5 September 2024, not an EU regulation.
| Council of Europe |
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|---|---|
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